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The Infrastructure of the Language-Ready Brain
The Infrastructure the Language-Ready Brain
2015/4/27
This chapter sketches in very general terms the cognitive architecture of both language comprehension and production, as well as the neurobiological infrastructure that makes the human brain ready for...
Genes: Interactions with Language on Three Levels—Inter-Individual Variation, Historical Correlations and Genetic Biasing
Interactions with Language Three Levels Inter-Individual Variation Historical Correlations Genetic Biasing
2015/4/27
The complex inter-relationships between genetics and linguistics encompass all four scales highlighted by the contributions to this book and, together with cultural transmission, the genetics of langu...
Differences in the Nonverbal Requests of Great Apes and Human Infants
Nonverbal Great Apes Human Infants
2015/4/27
This study investigated how great apes and human infants use imperative pointing to request objects. In a series of three experiments (infants, N = 44; apes, N = 12), subjects were given the opportuni...
The contents of predictions in sentence comprehension: Activation of the shape of objects before they are referred to
Predictive sentence processing Visual representations Eye-tracking Event-related potentials (ERPs) N400
2015/4/24
When comprehending concrete words, listeners and readers can activate specific visual information such as the shape of the words’ referents. In two experiments we examined whether such information can...
The dopamine transporter haplotype and reward-related striatal responses in adult ADHD
ADHD Striatum DAT1 gene Genetic imaging Reward Dopamine
2015/4/24
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a highly heritable disorder and several genes increasing disease risk have been identified. The dopamine transporter gene, SLC6A3/DAT1, has been stud...
MUC (Memory, Unification, Control) and beyond
neurobiology of language Memory Unification Control speaker meaning language connectivity
2015/4/24
A neurobiological model of language is discussed that overcomes the shortcomings of the classical Wernicke-Lichtheim-Geschwind model. It is based on a subdivision of language processing into three com...
Researchers are beginning to uncover the neurogenetic pathways that underlie our unparalleled capacity for spoken language. Initial clues come from identification of genetic risk factors implicated in...
The homozygosity index (HI) approach reveals high allele frequency for Wilson disease in the Sardinian population
Wilson disease genetic epidemiology consanguinity homozygosity index
2015/4/24
Wilson disease (WD) is an autosomal recessive disorder resulting in pathological progressive copper accumulation in liver and other tissues. The worldwide prevalence (P) is about 30/million, while in ...
Neurogenomics of speech and language disorders: the road ahead
exome genome FOXP2 functional validation language next-generation sequencing neurodevelopmental disorders speech
2015/4/24
Next-generation sequencing is set to transform the discovery of genes underlying neurodevelopmental disorders, and so off er important insights into the biological bases of spoken language. Success wi...
Dyslexia is a highly heritable learning disorder with a complex underlying genetic architecture. Over the past decade, researchers have pinpointed a number of candidate genes that may contribute to dy...
Tracing Arab-Islamic Inheritance in Madagascar: Study of the Y-chromosome and Mitochondrial DNA in the Antemoro
Arab-Islamic Inheritance in Madagascar Y-chromosome Mitochondrial DNA Antemoro
2015/4/24
Madagascar is located at the crossroads of the Asian and African worlds and is therefore of particular interest for studies on human population migration. Within the large human diversity of the Great...
Discourse context and the recognition of reduced and canonical spoken words
Discourse context and the recognition reduced and canonical spoken words
2015/4/24
In two eye-tracking experiments we examined whether wider discourse information helps the recognition of reduced pronunciations (e.g., “puter”) more than the recognition of canonical pronunciations of...
Decoding of single-trial auditory mismatch responses for online perceptual monitoring and neurofeedback
auditory perception neurofeedback EEG single-trial analysis multivariate pattern classification
2015/4/24
Multivariate pattern classification methods are increasingly applied to neuroimaging data in the context of both fundamental research and in brain-computer interfacing approaches. Such methods provide...
Common Variants in Left/Right Asymmetry Genes and Pathways Are Associated with Relative Hand Skill
Common Variants Left/Right Asymmetry Genes Pathways Are Associated Relative Hand Skill
2015/4/24
Humans display structural and functional asymmetries in brain organization, strikingly with respect to language and handedness. The molecular basis of these asymmetries is unknown. We report a genome-...
FOXP2 Targets Show Evidence of Positive Selection in European Populations
FOXP2 Evidence of Positive Selection European Populations
2015/4/24
Forkhead box P2 (FOXP2) is a highly conserved transcription factor that has been implicated in human speech and language disorders and plays important roles in the plasticity of the developing brain. ...