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Effects of isoenergetic high-carbohydrate compared with high-fat diets on human cholesterol synthesis and expression of key regulatory genes of cholesterol metabolism
glucose tolerance high-carbohydrate diet stable isotopes
2016/6/13
High-carbohydrate diets improve plasma cholesterol
concentrations but increase triacylglycerol concentrations;
the latter effect increases the risk of cardiovascular disease
(CVD). Triacylglycerol ...
Effects of chronic alcohol treatment on the synthesis, sialylation, and disposition of nascent apolipoprotein E by peritoneal macrophages of rats
Chronic ethanol feeding macrophages apolipoprotein E glycosylation sialylation sialic acid content
2016/6/7
Background: Plasma apolipoprotein (apo) E, a sialoprotein,
plays an important role in reverse cholesterol transport. Previously,
we showed that chronic alcohol consumption impairs glycosylation
of ...
Determination of glutamine in muscle protein facilitates accurate assessment of proteolysis and de novo synthesis–derived endogenous glutamine production
Glutamine glutamic acid muscles
2016/6/1
Results of tracer studies indicate that skeletal muscle
contributes to <70% of overall glutamine production in
healthy adults; the contribution of de novo synthesis being estimated
at <60%. However...
Albumin synthesis in premature neonates is stimulated by parenterally administered amino acids during the first days of life
Albumin stable isotopes synthesis rates amino acids parenteral nutrition metabolism premature infants
2008/12/25
Background: We recently showed that parenteral administration of amino acids to premature infants immediately after birth is safe and results in a positive nitrogen balance and increased whole-body pr...
Arginine flux and intravascular nitric oxide synthesis in severe childhood undernutrition
Arginine kinetics nitric oxide edematous severe childhood undernutrition nonedematous severe childhood undernutrition marasmus kwashiorkor
2008/12/25
Background: Although nutritionally dispensable amino acids are not essential in the diet, adequate synthesis is necessary for maintenance of good health. Whereas children with edematous severe childho...
Synthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in preterm newborns fed formula with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids
Preterm infant long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids LCPs natural abundance endogenous synthesis
2008/12/17
Background: Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA) are long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPs) that play pivotal roles in growth and neurodevelopment.Objective: We aimed to quantif...
Response of albumin synthesis to oral nutrients in young and elderly subjects1,2,3
Aging albumin synthesis dietary protein feeding L-[2H5]phenylalanine nutrients
2008/12/10
Background: The synthesis of albumin after oral ingestion of nutrients provides a means of storing amino acids, which can be made available during periods of fasting.Objective: This study was undertak...
Differential utilization of systemic and enteral ammonia for urea synthesis in control subjects and ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency carriers
Urea synthesis humans ammonia flux
2017/1/4
Female carriers of ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) have nearly normal rates of total urea synthesis, but they derive less urea from systemic glutamine amide nitrogen than do healthy perso...
Oat bran stimulates bile acid synthesis within 8 h as measured by 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one
Oat bran wheat bran β-glucan 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one bile acids cholesterol
2016/12/19
Background: Oat bran contains soluble fibers, such as β-glucan, that increase bile acid excretion and thus decrease serum cholesterol. Bile acid synthesis correlates with serum concentrations of ...
Cysteine supplementation improves the erythrocyte glutathione synthesis rate in children with severe edematous malnutrition
Glutathione severe malnutrition cysteine edema oxidant damage children
2016/12/19
Background: Children with severe edematous malnutrition have higher than normal oxidant damage and lower concentrations of the antioxidant reduced glutathione (GSH), which are associated with slo...
Maximizing postexercise muscle glycogen synthesis: carbohydrate supplementation and the application of amino acid or protein hydrolysate mixtures
Insulin leucine phenylalanine glycogen synthase muscle glycogen synthesis,
2016/6/7
Background: Postexercise muscle glycogen synthesis is an
important factor in determining the time needed to recover from
prolonged exercise.
Objective: This study investigated whether an increase i...