搜索结果: 1-12 共查到“专门自然科学哲学 statistical”相关记录12条 . 查询时间(0.125 秒)
On the statistical viewpoint concerning the 2nd law of thermodynamics - OR - A reminder on the Ehrenfests'urm model
Ehrenfest urn model 2nd law of thermodynamics
2008/4/22
In statistical thermodynamics the 2nd law is properly spelled out in terms of conditioned probabilities. As such it makes the statement, that `entropy increases with time' without preferring a time di...
Pearson's wrong turning: against statistical measures of causal efficacy
causation causal efficacy statistics
2008/4/22
Standard statistical measures of strength of association, although pioneered by Pearson deliberately to be acausal, nowadays are routinely used to measure causal efficacy. But their acausal origins h...
Prediction and retrodiction in Boltzmann's approach to classical statistical mechanics
thermodynamics statistical mechanics second law
2008/4/22
In this paper we address two problems in Boltzmann's approach to statistical mechanics. The first is the justification of the probabilistic predictions of the theory. And the second is the inadequacy ...
Surprise and Evidence in Statistical Model Checking
Confirmation Induction Statistics Evidence
2008/4/21
There is considerable confusion about the role of p-values in statistical model checking. To clarify that point, I introduce the distinction between measures of surprise and measures of evidence which...
According to a standard view of the second law of thermodynamics, our belief in the second law can be justified by pointing out that low entropy macrostates are less probable than high entropy macrost...
Implications of quantum theory in the foundations of statistical mechanics
Statistical mechanics
2008/4/14
An investigation is made into how the foundations of
statistical mechanics are affected once we treat classical mechanics as an approximation to quantum mechanics in certain domains rather than as a ...
Essay Review: Probability in Classical Statistical Physics
probability classical statistical mechanics
2008/4/11
Review article of Y.M. Guttmann, The Concept of Probability in Statistical Physics, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999
This paper analyzes Deborah Mayo's error-statistical (ES) account of scientific evidence in order to clarify the kinds of "material postulates" it requires and to explain how those assumptions functio...
Approximations, Idealizations, and Models in Statistical Mechanics
approximation approbation laws of nature
2008/4/10
In this paper, a criticism of the traditional theories of approximation and idealization is given. After identifying the real purpose and measure of idealization in the practice of science, it is argu...
A Field Guide to Recent Work on the Foundations of Statistical Mechanics.
Statistical mechanics Boltzmann Gibbs probability
2008/4/9
This is an extensive review of recent work on the foundations of statistical mechanics.
THE IMPORTANCE, EMPOWERMENT, AND TRANSFORMATION OF STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
EMPOWERMENT TRANSFORMATION
2008/4/8
Information is empowering. With electronic transmission of information, it is now possible for the general public to have ready access to knowledge previously limited to those designated as "expert" i...
Pioneering Ideas for the Physical and Chemical Sciences. Josef Loschmidt’s Contributions and Modern Developments in Structural Organic Chemistry,Atomistics, and Statistical Mechanics, ed. by W. Fleischhacker & T.Schönfeld, Plenum Press, New York, 1997, pp. 320 (ISBN 0-306-45684-2)
Physical Chemical Sciences Josef Loschmidt
2008/4/7
The long subtitle clarifies the scope and aims of the 33 contributions to the volume in honor of Josef Loschmidt (1821-1895), edited by Wilhelm Fleischhacker and Thomas Schönfeld from the Institu...