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Practical Notes Concerning the Indexing of X-ray Powder Diffraction Patterns of Clay Minerals
Chlorite Crystal structure Indexing Kaolinite Mica Modulated structures Ordering X-ray powder diffraction
2011/12/31
Hydrous phyllosilicate minerals exhibit many variations in unit-cell shape and symmetry, distortion due to cation ordering, polytypic repeats along Z, and lateral modulations that can affect the ease ...
Kinetics of Dissolution of Noncrystalline Oxides and Crystalline Clay Minerals in a Basic Tiron Solution
Chlorite Dissolution Kaolinite Montmorillonite Noncrystalline Sepiolite Tiron solution
2012/1/4
The dissolution behavior of five noncrystalline oxides, montmorillonite, kaolinite, chlorite, and sepiolite in a basic tiron solution was studied at pH 10.5 and 80°C. The results show that for montmor...
Shape-Selective Sorbents Based on Clay Minerals: A Review
Adsorption Imbibition Intercalation Palygorskite Porosity Shape-selective Smectite Vermiculite
2012/1/6
A review is presented of work carried out over the last 40 years on non-porous sorbents and on microporous shape-selective sorbents derived from palygorskite, smectite, and vermiculite. Among such mat...
Growth of Clay Minerals in Natural and Synthetic Glasses
Crystallization Domain structure Glass High-resolution transmission electron microscopy Noncrystalline Primitive clay
2012/1/5
High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) has shown regions of crystallites within noncrystalline matrices of three types of glass (volcanic glass, alkalic igneous glass, and synthetic,...
Resolution of the Polytype Structure of Some Illitic Clay Minerals that Appear to be 1Md
Ethylene glycol solvation Illite Illite/smectite Polytype Order-disorder X-ray powder diffraction
2012/1/5
Illite/smectite (I/S) and illite samples that appear to be 1Md polytypes on the basis of the lack of diagnostic reflections can be resolved as partly either 1M or 2M1 or both by either vapor solvation...
Components of Surface Free Energy of Some Clay Minerals
Bentonite Dispersion Free energy Kaolinite Montmorillonite Surface Wetting contact angle
2012/1/9
The wetting contact angle was measured for water drops settled on the surface of pressed discs of kaolinite, alumina, bentonite, marble, montmorillonite, and quartzite immersed in hexane, octane, dode...
Hydrothermal Treatment of Smectite, Illite, and Basalt to 460°C: Comparison of Natural with Hydrothermally Formed Clay Minerals
Basalt Berthierine Hydrothermal Illite Smectite Stability
2012/1/11
Wyoming bentonite, Fithian illite, and basalt from the Umtanum Formation, Washington, were treated hydrothermally at 200° to 460°C and 260 to 500 bars for 71 to 584 days. No change was detected for th...
Oxygen Isotopes and the Extent of Diagenesis of Clay Minerals during Sedimentation and Burial in the Sea
Diagenesis Gulf of Mexico Isotope Mississippi River Oxygen Sedimentation Smectite
2012/1/12
Oxygen isotope ratios of <0.1-µm smectite in bottom sediments of the Mississippi River and the Gulf of Mexico near the mouth of the river have been determined to investigate diagenesis of land-d...
Morphology of Clay Minerals in the Smectite-to-Illite Conversion Series by Scanning Electron Microscopy
Burial diagenesis Hydrothermal alteration Illite/smectite Morphology Scanning electron microscopy Smectite-to-illite conversion
2012/1/11
The morphology of illite/smectite (I/S) from deeply buried bentonites and hydrothermally altered Tertiary volcanic rocks from Japan changes in parallel with the proportion of expandable layers in the ...
Alteration of Clay Minerals and Zeolites in Hydrothermal Brines
Backfill Bentonite Cesium Clinoptilolite Hydrothermal Mordenite Salt repository Smectire Strontium Vermiculite Zeolite
2012/2/7
Clay minerals and zeolites, candidate backfill minerals for nuclear waste repositories, were treated with saturated NaCl brine and Mg-rich (Mg-Ca-Na-K) brine at 200∑C and 300∑C for 4 weeks under a con...
Clay Minerals in Mixtures: Sample Preparation, Analysis, and Statistical Interpretation
Electron microprobe Illite Kaolinite Mixed layer Montmorillonite Quantitative mineral analysis Statistical method
2012/2/6
A method of clay mineral sample preparation for electron microprobe analysis has been developed in which a film of clay plus 10–12 wt. % colloidal graphite is deposited on a porous ceramic disc using ...
Clay Minerals of Lake Abert, an Alkaline, Saline Lake
Chemical analysis Chlorite Illite Interstratification Montmorillonite Saline lake Stevensite X-ray powder diffraction
2012/2/6
Mineralogical and chemical analyses of fine clay fractions from in and around Lake Abert, Lake County, Oregon, show that the pyroclastic rocks supplying detritus to the lake weather to a suite of laye...
Infrared Studies of Ni-Bearing Clay Minerals of the Kerolite-Pimelite Series
Dehydroxylation Garnierite Infrared spectroscopy Kerolite Nickel Pimelite
2012/2/6
Two kerolite and one garnierite samples were subjected to progressive heat treatments prior to their examination by infrared spectroscopy (IR) in the 1200–600-cm−1 and 3800–3000-cm−1 regio...
Hydrothermal Reactions of Strontium and Transuranic Simulator Elements with Clay Minerals, Zeolites, and Shales
Chlorite Clinoptilolite Hydrothermal treatment Illite Lanthanum Montmorillonite Neodymium Nuclear waste Shale Strontium Zeolite
2012/2/6
Reactions of Sr, La, and Nd (the latter two elements simulating Am and Cm) with potential backfill minerals for radioactive waste storage and with repository wall rocks, such as shale, were investigat...
Potassium Fixation by Clay Minerals during Hydrothermal Treatment
Diagenesis Fixation Hydrothermal Interstratification Montmorillonite Potassium Rectorite
2012/2/6
The amount of K fixed in K- and Ca-saturated montmorillonite, vermiculite (trioctahedral), rectorite-type and IMII-ordered mica/montmorillonites was measured as a function of time (1–64 days), tempera...