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非字面语言的理解是高级认知活动，是语言与思维更抽象层级的表现。非字面语言的理解受到语言内外的各种因素的影响，如语言形式本质属性、规约度等，到目前为止我们还很难找出一个能解释非字面语言加工所有方面的普遍模型，或提出一个能解释非字面语言所有形式的“万能理论”。非字面语言的大脑加工是一个完整的系统,我们不应仅停留在某一孤立的理论模型或假说上片面地概括和归纳汉语非字面语言认知的神经心理机制，而应对各种理论...
有关隐喻认知研究的一个核心问题是:隐喻加工机制与一般言语理解相比是否具有独特性以及隐喻理解伴随的神经生理机制是否有其独特的模式? 对此问题的回答需要对隐喻性质进行区分。常见的熟悉隐喻可进一步区分为词源性隐喻与引发性隐喻,其中词源性隐喻的隐喻义属于词语多个词义中的一个延伸义,而引发性隐喻则是将两个分属于不同概念领域的概念进行非字面的语义联结。词源性隐喻句和引发性隐喻句的理解包含了与一般语义句理解不同...
母语迁移对二语心理词汇中搭配习得影响的研究
心理词汇 搭配一致性 母语迁移 搭配习得
2016/11/15
本研究基于二语心理词汇的理论,通过对比不同水平习得者对不同类型的二语搭配的反应来探索母语迁移对二语搭配习得的影响。笔者采用即时搭配判断测试,测试语料包括一致性搭配(即正迁移)和非一致性搭配(分为一语特有搭配和二语特有搭配,即负迁移和零迁移),以及名词性搭配和动词性搭配。数据总体表现为,在正迁移和负迁移搭配上,高水平组的正确率显著高于低水平组;在零迁移上,两组没有显著差异。两组均呈现以下趋势:零迁移...
联结竞争对听写困难儿童形音联结编码的影响
听写困难 形音联结 干扰
2017/3/7
听写困难是一种发生率较高的儿童学习障碍现象。听写困难的认知机制, 主要包括语音加工缺陷、字形表征缺陷以及形音联结编码缺陷。本研究通过两个实验, 考察了整字语音竞争和部件语音竞争, 对听写困难儿童形音联结编码的影响。结果发现, 在不同条件下, 听写困难儿童的形音联结水平都落后于正常儿童; 整字语音竞争显著干扰了正常儿童的形音联结编码, 但对听写困难儿童的影响并不明显; 与之相反的是, 部件语音竞争对...
Spatial Representation of Ordinal Information
SNARC effect spatial representation ordinal sequences Chinese color words numerical cognition
2016/5/3
Right hand responds faster than left hand when shown larger numbers and vice-versa when shown smaller numbers (the SNARC effect). Accumulating evidence suggests that the SNARC effect may not be exclus...
The Yin and the Yang of Prediction:An fMRI Study of Semantic Predictive Processing
Yin and the Yang of Prediction fMRI Semantic Predictive Processing
2016/5/3
Probabilistic prediction plays a crucial role in language comprehension. When predictions are fulfilled, the resulting facilitation allows for fast, efficient processing of ambiguous, rapidly-unfoldin...
Concurrent Statistical Learning of Adjacent and Nonadjacent Dependencies
statistical learning artificial grammar learning serial reaction time nonadjacent dependencies
2016/5/3
When children learn their native language, they have to deal with a confusing array of dependencies between various elements in an utterance. The dependent elements may be adjacent to one another or s...
A cross-linguistic study of the acquisition of clitic and pronoun production
cross-linguistic study clitic pronoun production
2016/5/3
This study develops a single elicitation method to test the acquisition of third-person pronominal objects in 5-year-olds for 16 languages. This methodology allows us to compare the acquisition of pro...
Nonrandom Associations of Graphemes with Colors in Arabic
Cross-modal synaesthesia color association letters numbers graphemes Arabic cross-linguistic cross-cultural
2016/5/3
Numerous studies demonstrate people associate colors with letters and numbers in systematic ways.But most of these studies rely on speakers of English, or closely related languages. This makes it diff...
A common variant of the CNTNAP2 gene is associated with structural variation in the left superior occipital gyrus
CNTNAP2 Dorsal visual stream FOXP2 Grey matter Language VBM
2016/5/3
The CNTNAP2 gene encodes a cell-adhesion molecule that influences the properties of neural networks and the morphology and density of neurons and glial cells. Previous studies have shown association o...
Language-General Biases and Language-Specific Experience Contribute to Phonological Detail in Toddlers’ Word Representations
word learning phonological development perceptual asymmetries mispronunciation detection
2016/5/3
Although toddlers in their 2nd year of life generally have phonologically detailed representations of words, a consistent lack of sensitivity to certain kinds of phonological changes has been reported...
Pupillometry reveals increased pupil size during indirect request comp
Experimental pragmatics Indirect requests Language comprehension Pupillometry Speech act
2016/5/3
Fluctuations in pupil size have been shown to reflect variations in processing demands during lexical and syntactic processing in language comprehension. An issue that has not received attention is wh...
Modeling language-learners’ errors in understanding casual speech
dictation task non-native perception computational modeling spoken word recognition
2016/5/3
In spontaneous conversations, words are often produced in reduced form compared to formal careful speech. In English, for instance, ’probably’ may be pronounced as ’poly’ and police’as ’plice’. Reduc...
Identification and functional characterization of de novo FOXP1 variants provides novel insights into the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorder
Identification functional characterization novo FOXP1 variants neurodevelopmental disorder
2016/5/3
De novo disruptions of the neural transcription factor FOXP1 are a recently discovered, rare cause of sporadic intellectual disability (ID). We report three new cases of FOXP1-related disorder identif...
The P600 in Implicit Artificial Grammar Learning
EEG Artificial syntax Implicit learning Artificial grammar learning Structural mereexposure Preference classification
2016/5/3
The suitability of the artificial grammar learning (AGL) paradigm to capture relevant aspects of the acquisition of linguistic structures has been empirically tested in a number of EEG studies. Some h...