搜索结果: 136-150 共查到“知识库 科学哲学”相关记录2042条 . 查询时间(1.104 秒)
On the Metaphysics of Least Action
Dispositionalism Armstrong Humeanism Laws of Nature Action Principles
2016/6/15
When it comes to predicting the evolution of physical systems, there seem to be two mathematically equivalent, but conceptually distinct kinds of what we might call `fundamental laws': there are those...
Seventeenth-Century Mechanism:An Alternative Framework for Reductionism
Mechanism Reductionism Explanation Descartes Boyle Corpuscularism
2016/6/15
The consensus view in philosophy of science is that reductionism is dead. One reason for this is that the deductive nomological (DN) model of explanation, on which classical reductionism depends, is w...
Empiricism for cyborgs
Scientific realism Constructive empiricism Instruments Microscopes Extended mind thesis Bas van Fraassen Andy Clark
2016/6/15
One important debate between scientific realists and constructive empiricists concerns whether we observe things using instruments. This paper offers a new perspective on the debate over instruments b...
Guessing,Economy,Epidemiology:The HIV/AIDS Hypothesis
Epidemiology Peirce abduction guessing hypothesis medicine sexuality bias
2016/6/15
Of the scientific concepts that the American philosopher, Charles S. Peirce, analyzed in his work, two of the less commonly investigated have been those of guessing and of scientific economy. Peirce a...
On Identifying Background-Structure in Classical Field Theories
background-structure background-independence geometric objects absolute objects space-time structures Newton Einstein Newtonian mechanics Newtonian gravitation general relativity classical field theories action-reaction principle Trautman-Anderson-Friedman programme
2016/6/15
I examine a property of theories called ‘background-independence’ that Einsteinian gravitation is thought to exemplify. This concept has figured in the work of Rovelli (2001; 2004), Smolin (2006), Giu...
The Kuhnian mode of HPS
history and philosophy of science naturalistic fallacy normativity normative naturalism rationality counterfactuals
2016/6/15
In this article I argue that a methodological challenge to an integrated history and philosophy of science approach put forth by Ron Giere almost forty years ago can be met by what I call the Kuhnian ...
Kuhnian theory-choice,the GWS model,and the neutral current
theory-choice Glashow-Weinberg-Salam model weak neutral current theoretical virtues discovery
2016/6/15
In the Kuhnian view of theory choice, theories, as a matter of empirical fact, often score differently well with regard to the standard theoretical virtues. The case I discuss in this paper, however, ...
In a recent book and an article, Carl Craver construes the relations between different levels of a mechanism, which he also refers to as constitutive relations, by means of mutual manipulability (MM)....
Novelty,coherence,and Mendeleev's periodic table
novel prediction use-novelty coherence Dmitri Mendeleev periodic table
2016/6/15
Predictivism is the view that successful predictions of ‘novel’ evidence carry more confirmational weight than accommodations of already known evidence. Novelty, in this context, has traditionally bee...
Causal inference,mechanisms,and the Semmelweis case
methodology causal inference numerical tables mechanisms animal experiments
2016/6/15
Semmelweis's discovery of the cause of puerperal fever around the middle of the 19th century counts among the paradigm cases of scientific discovery. For several decades, philosophers of science have ...
Confessions of a Complexity Skeptic
complexity economics neuroscience policy analysis history and philosophy of science methodology
2016/6/15
Three objections to Max Urchs's paper on complexity are discussed. First, Urchs's macroeconomic illustrations of the benefits of complexity thinking are open to more conventional interpretations. Seco...
The Need for Empirically-Led Synthetic Philosophy
paradigm philosophy of nature synthetic philosophy
2016/6/15
The problem of unifying knowledge represents the frontier between science and philosophy. Science approaches the problem analytically bottom-up whereas, prior to the end of the nineteenth century, phi...
Galilei invariance and the welcher Weg problem
Galilei invariance which-way problem anti-reductionism
2016/6/15
If it is possible to detect the path of an atom in a double-slit atom interferometer, then interference will not be observed even if path detection causes no change in the atom's momentum. This fact w...
Response to `Local and global definitions of time:Cosmology and quantum theory'
Local global definitions time Cosmology quantum theory
2016/6/15
I will discuss the notion of time and spatial finiteness from the perspective of observational cosmology. Our observed universe is well described at early times by small fluctuations in the spatial gr...
Philosophers,Autistics&Three Year Olds-Semantics&Intuition
semantics externalism meaning intuition direct reference naming
2016/6/15
Externalist theories in natural language semantics have become the orthodoxy since Kripke is widely thought to have refuted descriptive theories of reference. This shift may be seen in developments in...