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Epoxidation of Tall Oil Catalyzed by an Ion Exchange Resin under Conventional Heating and Microwave Irradiation
Tall oil fatty acids Conventional Heating Microwave Irradiation
2024/1/10
Tall oil fatty acids (TOFA) are a byproduct from the Kraft pulping process, and they represent a renewable and inexpensive alternative with high potential as a renewable feedstock. Epoxidized TOFA hav...
Analysis of woodchip heating capacity calculated according to technical standards and measurements of calorific value
wood chips heat capacity caloric value relative moisture
2015/5/5
Woodchip sampling may be done according to two methodologies, based on the volume or calorific
value of the fuel. The paper compares heating values obtained through relative humidity measurements ac...
Response of cambium in Norway spruce (Picea abies) to heating and cooling of stem
Norway spruce (Picea abies) cambium cell differentiation xylem phloem heating cooling
2009/11/26
The effect of experimental heating and cooling in a part of the stem of Norway spruce (Picea abies) on cambial activity and cell differentiation was studied. Experiments were performed for 30 days; he...
Changes of Mechanical Properties of Wood under an Unstable State by Heating or Cooling
stress relaxation unstable state temperature history amount of fluidity
2009/3/6
In this paper stress relaxation of water-swollen wood was discussed with two conditions of temperature change, i.e. 1) specimens at 20°C were heated rapidly to 30-80°C, and 2) specimens at 30-80°C wer...
Relationships between Pressure in a Closed Space and Set Recovery of Compressive Deformation of Wood Using a Closed Heating System
closed heating system maximum pressure integration of pressure set recovery sugi sapwood
2009/3/6
Treating temperature, wood moisture content, and treating time are considered to be important factors for the set recovery of compressed wood when using a closed heating system. Hence we investigated...
Dimensional Stabilization of Compressed Wood Using High-Frequency Heating II
high-frequency heating compressed wood lamination dimensional stabilization
2009/3/6
We developed a continuous press machine to manufacture compressed laminated veneer lumber(c-LVL) using a high frequency (HF) heating method. The materials were compressed between metal plates followe...