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Two-layer Exchange in an Estuary Basin, with Special Reference to the Baltic Sea
Two-layer Exchange Estuary Basin Baltic Sea
2009/3/26
Stationary and transient states of a two-layer fjord-type estuary are discussed analytically. The forcing functions are the outer salinity S0, the fresh-water supply qf, and a meteorologically forced ...
Velocity Observations in the West Passage of Narragansett Bay：A Partially Mixed Estuary
West Passage of Narragansett Bay A Partially Mixed Estuary
2009/3/7
Narragansett Bay is a weakly stratified estuary comprised of three connecting passages of varying depths. The vertical distribution of horizontal velocity was observed in the West Passage using moored...
A Study of Tidal Energy Dissipation and Bottom Stress in an Estuary
Tidal Energy Dissipation Bottom Stress Estuary
2009/2/19
A Method for inferring an area-averaged bottom stress and energy dissipation rate in a tidal estuarine channel is presented. The one-dimensional continuity and momentum relations are developed using s...
The seaward transport of salt by river discharge through an estuary is balanced under steady conditions by landward dispersion effected by various physical mixing processes. Observations of current an...
Formation of Eddies and Transverse Currents in a Two-Layer Channel of Variable Bottom with Application to the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary
Transverse Currents Two-Layer Channel Variable Bottom Lower St. Lawrence Estuary
2009/2/5
Baroclinic shelf waves and Kelvin waves in a two-layer channel of variable bottom are discussed using a simple numerical model. Two different propagation directions are shown to be possible, analogous...
A Three-Dimensional Simulation of the Hudson–Raritan Estuary. Part III：Salt Flux Analyses
Three-Dimensional Simulation Hudson–Raritan Estuary Salt Flux Analyses
2009/1/16
Salt fluxes and volume transports in an estuary vary considerably over subtidal time scales of a few days to weeks in response to wind and neap–spring tidal forcings. Results from a numerical simulati...
A Three-Dimensional Simulation of the Hudson–Raritan Estuary. Part II：Comparison with Observation
Three-Dimensional Simulation Hudson–Raritan Estuary Comparison with Observation
2009/1/16
Results from a time-dependent, three-dimensional numerical simulation of the Hudson–Raritan estuary are compared with observations. The comparison includes: 1) instantaneous salinity contours across a...
A Three-Dimensional Simulation of the Hudson–Raritan Estuary. Part I：Description of the Model and Model Simulations
Three-Dimensional Simulation Hudson–Raritan Estuary Model Simulations
2009/1/16
A time-dependent, three-dimensional, finite difference simulation of the Hudson‐Raritan estuary is presented. The calculation covers July–September 1980. The model estuary is forced by time-depen...
A layer model that treats fronts as discontinuities is developed to study the steady state behavior of shallow estuary plumes on the continental shelf. The complete range of earth rotation effect is e...
Shear Instability in a Highly Stratified Estuary
Highly Stratified Estuary vertical exchange Shear instability
2009/1/8
Shear instability is found to be the principal mechanism of vertical exchange within the pycnocline of a salt wedge estuary. A field program involving high-resolution velocity and density measurements...
Tide-Induced Variation of the Dynamics of a Salt Wedge Estuary
Tide-Induced Variation shear flow Salt Wedge Estuary
2009/1/4
The time variations of the salt wedge intrusion in the Fraser estuary, British Columbia, were monitored during a variety of tidal and run-off conditions using instruments and sampling methods that pro...
Coastal Trapping and Funneling Effects on Storm Surges in the Meghna Estuary in Relation to Cyclones Hitting Noakhali–Cox’s Bazar Coast of Bangladesh
Coastal Trapping Bangladesh Meghna Estuary Funneling Effects
2008/11/5
Studies are described that use a fine-resolution numerical model and incorporate the islands and detailed bottom topography of the Meghna estuary. They show that depending on the characteristics of th...
Tide–Surge Interaction in the Meghna Estuary: Most Severe Conditions
Tide–Surge Interaction Meghna Estuary Severe Conditions
2008/7/30
A numerical model with a (1/120)° resolution is used in studying 1) the effects of tide–surge interaction and 2) the effects of cyclone landfall on the Noakhali–Cox's Bazar coast of Bangladesh (i) on ...
Near-Bottom Turbulence Measurements in a Partially Mixed Estuary: Turbulent Energy Balance, Velocity Structure, and Along-Channel Momentum Balance
Near-Bottom Turbulence Measurements Partially Mixed Estuary Turbulent Energy Balance Velocity Structure Along-Channel Momentum Balance
2008/7/25
A set of moored, bottom-mounted and shipboard measurements, obtained in a straight section of the lower Hudson estuary during late summer and early fall of 1995, determine velocity, density, and along...
Observations of Turbulence in a Partially Stratified Estuary
Turbulence Partially Stratified Estuary
2008/7/17
The authors present a field study of estuarine turbulence in which profiles of Reynolds stresses were directly measured using an ADCP throughout a 25-h tidal day. The dataset that is discussed quantif...