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In this paper the effect of the synoptic scale variability is analyzed using a simple atmosphere-ocean coupled model. This high frequency variability has been taken into account in the model adding wh...
A two-dimensional primitive equation model is developed to study the thermohaline circulation of the Southern Ocean. The primary objectives are to identify those elements of the ocean climate model im...
The zonally averaged, latitude-depth ocean model, developed in Part I, is extended to a two-basin system representing the Atlantic and Pacific. Steady states are calculated under two different surface...
A two-dimensional latitude–depth ocean model is developed on the basis of the zonally averaged balance equations of mass, momentum, heat, and salt. Its purpose is to investigate the dynamics and varia...
A general circulation model with a highly idealized geometry is used to investigate which fundamentally different equilibria of the global thermohaline circulation may exist. The model comprises two i...
Freshwater flux used as a natural boundary condition for the salinity balance is applied to a primitive equation model of the oceanic general circulation. Instead of the relaxation condition or the vi...
Munk and Forbes have proposed to detect greenhouse gas-induced climate changes in the World Ocean with an array of long-range acoustic transmissions from Heard Island in the southern Indian Ocean. We ...
The stability and internal variability of the ocean's thermohaline circulation is investigated using a coarse-resolution general circulation model of an idealized ocean basin, in one hemisphere. The m...
In this study the variability of the thermohaline circulation on decadal and centennial time scales that is related to the process of deep-water formation is investigated. This is done within the cont...
A global primitive equations oceanic GCM and a simple four-box model of the meridional circulation are used to examine and analyze the instability of the thermohaline circulation in an ocean model wit...
An idealized North Atlantic Ocean model is forced by climatological wind stress, restoring temperature, and a diagnosed salinity flux. Both centennial and interdecadal oscillations are sustained in th...
A theoretical analysis of the interactions between atmospheric meridional transports and the thermohaline circulation is presented, using a four-box ocean-atmosphere model in one hemisphere. The model...
Ocean climate models traditionally compute the surface heat flux with a restoring boundary condition of the form Q = λ(T* − To). This implies an atmosphere of fixed temperature and breaks down w...
The performance of thermal surface boundary conditions based on energy balance models for the atmosphere is tested using a two-dimensional (meridional plane) ocean model. The results are compared to t...
A 5.8-year time series of moored current meter observations is used with hydrographic section data, CME model results, and gridded wind fields over the North Atlantic to describe the mean structur...

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