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The Contextual Character of Causal Evidence
Causal Inference Evidence Contextualism Interventions Manipulability Theories of Causation James Woodward
2016/6/15
I argue for the thesis that causal evidence is context-dependent. The same causal claim may be warranted by the same piece of evidence in one context but not another. I show this in particular for the...
Evidence for the Deterministic or the Indeterministic Description?--A Critique of the Literature about Classical Dynamical Systems
determinism indeterminism randomness underdetermination ergodic theory stochatic processes dynamical systems
2016/5/31
It can be shown that certain kinds of classical deterministic descriptions and indeterministic descriptions are observationally equivalent. In these cases there is a choice between deterministic and i...
Objective Bayesian calibration and the problem of non-convex evidence
Objective Bayesian epistemology convex sets imprecise probabilities
2016/5/31
Jon Williamson's Objective Bayesian Epistemology relies upon a calibration norm to constrain credal probability by both quantitative and qualitative evidence. One role of the calibration norm is to en...
Causation,Chance and the Rational Significance of Supernatural Evidence
Causation chance evidential decision theory causal decision theory David Lewis
2016/5/31
Newcomb problems turn on a tension between two principles of choice: roughly, a principle sensitive to the causal features of the relevant situation, and a principle sensitive only to evidential facto...
Huygens's 1688 Report to the Directors of the Dutch East India Company on the Measurement of Longitude at Sea and the Evidence it Offered Against Universal Gravity
Huygens, Newton, Universal Gravity, Longitude Research
2011/9/8
When Christiaan Huygens prepared the 1686/1687 expedition to the Cape of Good Hope on which his pendulum clocks were to be tested for their usefulness in measuring longitude at sea, he also gave instr...
Resituating Evidence in Feminist Science Studies
evidence value-laden science and values feminism Nelson Longino
2009/9/16
This paper examines the conclusions that one must draw from the finding that there are values in science. The value-ladenness of scientific claims puts the nature and role of empirical evidence into q...
Evidence for Use: The Role of Case Studies in Political Science Research
political science case studies causality
2009/9/11
In its most recent form, the debate about the relationship between quantitative and qualitative methodology in political science has been shaped by the publication of Designing Social Inquiry: Scienti...
From Adam Smith to Darwin; some neglected evidence
Adam Smith Darwin Descent of Man Eugenics Moral Sentiments
2009/9/8
In this paper I call attention to Adam Smith’s “Considerations Concerning the First Formation of Languages” in order to facilitate understanding Adam Smith from a Darwinian perspective. By ‘Darwinian’...
Just a Paradigm: Evidence-Based Medicine in Epistemological Context
scientific method evidence-based medicine translational medicine
2009/9/8
This paper is a critical review of the many criticisms that have been made of evidence-based medicine (EBM), by philosophers and others. It allows that EBM is a powerful technique for particular domai...
From Adam Smith to Darwin; some neglected evidence
Adam Smith, Darwin, Descent of Man, Eugenics, Moral Sentiments, Languages
2011/9/8
In this paper I call attention to Adam Smith’s “Considerations Concerning the First Formation of Languages” in order to facilitate understanding Adam Smith from a Darwinian perspective. By ‘Darwinian’...
Inquiry, Evidence, and Experiment: The Experimenter's Regress'' Dissolved
evidence inquiry experiment experimenter's regress robustness discordance Dewey
2011/9/7
Contemporary ways of understanding of science, especially in the philosophy of science, are beset by overly abstract and formal models of evidence. In such models, the only interesting feature of evid...
Theoretical Omniscience: Old Evidence or New Theory
Bayesian Confirmation Theory Theoretical Omniscience
2008/4/21
I will show that, in the Problem of Old Evidence, unless a rational agent has a property I will call theoretical omniscience (a stronger version of logical omniscience), a problem with non-commutativi...
I argue that four problems that appear to be very different have the same structure. I give a unified treatment of the Doomsday Argument, Sleeping Beauty, the Fine-tuning Argument and confirmation in ...
Counterexamples to a Likelihood Theory of Evidence
The likelihood principle the law of likelihood evidence Bayesianism Likelihoodism
2008/4/1
The Likelihood Theory of Evidence (LTE) says, roughly, that all the information relevant to the bearing of data on hypotheses (or models) is contained in the likelihoods. There exist counterexamples i...
Counterexamples to a Likelihood Theory of Evidence
The likelihood principle the law of likelihood evidence Bayesianism Likelihoodism curve fitting regression asymmetry of cause and effect
2011/9/7
The Likelihood Theory of Evidence (LTE) says, roughly, that all the information relevant to the bearing of data on hypotheses (or models) is contained in the likelihoods. There exist counterexamples i...